The Regulatory Framework of Mauritius - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1982 Downloads: 14 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Best Score Essay Type Narrative essay Level High school Did you like this example? Table of Contents What do you consider to be the best regulatory framework for Mauritius? Regulatory Framework of Mauritius A unified regulatory body (Single Peak) A unified regulatory framework may also give rise to some difficulties. A non-unified regulatory body (Twin Peaks) What are the main recommendations of the steering committee on the establishment of a new regulatory framework for the financial services sector in Mauritius? References What do you consider to be the best regulatory framework for Mauritius? In every institution, there are limits that regulate all the individuals within the community. Regulation is the process of promulgation, monitoring and enforcement of rules that is creating a new law to monitor individuals and to ensure that every individual is obedient. If these rules are not enough to regulate individuals, the enforcement of rules is required. Likewise in the financial market, the need of regulatory bodies is required. It can take form of a public authority or government agency but there are also independent regulatory agencies which are not associated with government. Financial regulation is important to maintain integrity in the financial market. If a new financial institution is to be opened, it must abide to certain requirements, restrictions and guidelines. There is no restriction or exemption; all financial institutions whether big or small must follow the same rules. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Regulatory Framework of Mauritius" essay for you Create order Regulatory Framework of Mauritius The existing financial structure of Mauritius is a non- unified one. The Financial structure should actually have been a transition one which would have firstly consisted of a Twin Peak Model which would lately have been merged together to form a unified structure. Nonetheless, there is still a regulatory body for the banking sector and another one for the non banking sector. The Bank of Mauritius (BOM) is the authority which has been set up for the regulation of banks. The non banking sectors, on the other hand are under the responsibility of the financial Services Commission (FSC). Both the FSC and BOM follow risk- based supervision approaches and formal strategies to centre their resources on those institutions and practices that include bigger risks. In recent years, the financial markets of Mauritius have undergone growth and have also been successful in weathering the global financial crisis reasonably well. Despite this, due to the emergence of complex financial structures with overlapping activities in different areas of the financial sector, it was perceived that it might prove more efficient to carry out an integrated form of regulation for financial services. Moreover, regardless of past issues and the minor problems that may have occurred with the ministry of finance or government, the regulatory bodies of Mauritius have been doing a rather good job. The Banking sector of Mauritius kept performing well even after the problem that it faced due to the Barclays bank. Mauritiusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Banking sector was ranked 15th out of 144 in The Global Competitiveness Report 2012-2013 of the World Economic Forum. Nevertheless, the issue of whether to have separate specialist bodies or a unified supervisory agency continues to provoke intense debate amongst academicians, practitioners and in government quarters. The structure of financial services sector throughout the world is undergoing dynamic changes. Will Mauritius need to redesign its financial regulatory structure to increase effectiveness and confidence remains the question. As there had been the past failure of 3 banks and 3 insurance companies, Mauritius requires vigilance and strong supervision in the maintenance of an overall stable financial system. Should Mauritius shift from a Twin peaks to a Single peak? First of all, we should keep in mind that having a Twin peaks or a single peak will not always guarantee effective supervisions. Both a unified and non-unified body will have its advantages and disadvantages. A unified regulatory body (Single Peak) Supervise both banking and non- banking sector May lead to economies of scale in regulatory activities Overall economic welfare increases as financial institution saves costs by adopting a single building with single disciplines Maintains clarity and cohesion of the objectives It is argued that an overlapping problem arises when there are separate agencies for regulations because the two functions are interrelated. This can be avoided by unifying the system As Mauritius is a relatively small jurisdiction, its attractiveness as a financial centre of high standing might be increased with the adaptation of a single peak A single manager structure would be responsible for overseeing all activities in the financial sector and this might ensure that some financial institution do not have an unfair advantage for competing for customers It is also believed that a single regulator can respond much more quickly and effectively to market innovation and development It strengthens accountability of supervisors Unification would also result in cost saving through a single set of central support services by the sharing of infrastructure and administrative resources. Unification also helps in retaining a body of skilled professional staff by developing coherent human resource policy In a twin peaks, each supervisor will tend to defend his separate turf whereas in a single peak, both supervisors will cooperate and work together Due to advancements in technologies, there has been the blurring of boundaries between the banking, securities and insurance sectors. Hence it is said that a single regulatory body might be more efficient A unified regulatory framework may also give rise to some difficulties. It might be difficult to set up a single set of objectives for both the banking and non-banking sector Can suffer from the Christmas tree effect If a problem arises, the whole sector can be affected It may undermine the overall effectiveness of supervision by not recognizing the unique characteristics of the banking, securities and insurance industries. May only work in certain countries and may be more suited for developed financial systems. A non-unified regulatory body (Twin Peaks) 2 different agencies supervising banking and non-banking activities Might create conflicts between agencies. In the case of Mauritius, the Bank of Mauritius might make some decisions which the Financial Services Commission do not approve If the staff are responsible and know their respective works well, it might be better to work in a non-unified regulatory framework rather than a unified one Through a Twin Peaks, more emphasis might be put on the different sectors. For eg: If a problem arises in the banking sector and at the same time another problem arises in the insurance sector; tackling the problem might be easier as the BOM would concentrate only on the banking sector while the FSC on the insurance. This will also prevent work overload If tomorrow a problem arises with a leasing company and a proper solution is not found. People might hold the regulatory body responsible. Hence, if there is a unified regulatory body, the banking sector as well might be affected as people will lose trust When adopting a non-unified regulatory body, it may be possible to achieve more than the desired result if there are good cooperation Even though it is believed that a single regulator can respond much more quickly and effectively to market innovation and development, the Twin Peaks as well might be as effective if the personnel is well trained and knows his responsibility In UK it was seen that they are adopting the Twin Peaks model in the view that: Each supervisory arm would make their own, separate, set of regulatory judgments against different objectives while coordinating internally to maximize the exchange of information in what is termed independent but coordinated regulation. In the case of Mauritius it might be thought that swapping to a single peak framework might improve effectiveness and confidence. However it would all be determined by the global trends in the financial market, the social and economic aspects of Mauritius. To transform its goals into action, Mauritius has to respond more forcefully to its dynamic environment. Policies should be strengthened to reassure investors of the solidity of the economic sectors and the transparency with which economic information is disseminated to economic operators and users. Such an approach would promote good governance and investor confidence, which, in turn, would contribute to sustained economic growth. As Mauritius is a relatively small jurisdiction, it does not have the advantage of having a long established track record nor an efficiently operating financial market. Hence unifying the regulatory body may be considered as necessary to heighten the credibility and the quality of financial secto r regulation and supervision in a strategic approach to develop Mauritius as a more credible financial centre. As stated by the Minister, Mr. Xavier- Luc Duval; Making Mauritius a financial center is not an easy task. It indeed takes some time to establish a good reputation and see it grow as a financial centre. To make this possible, the jurisdiction, existing laws and economic stability are very important. Unfortunately recent scandals such as the white dot case and theSunkai case prompted the authority to sound the alarm. It must thus be noted with regret that without a good regulatory framework and enforcement of laws, some financial intermediaries would not at all hesitate to deceive investors. Hence, the government might consider a unified body to be the best regulatory framework for Mauritius but at the same time the government might also opt to continue with the existing framework that is Twin Peaks but improve it. Mauritius would thus continue to be an attractive c entre for financial services if well managed. It is very difficult to choose one of the financial regulatory structures. There is no best or ideal model that would fit every country. What are the main recommendations of the steering committee on the establishment of a new regulatory framework for the financial services sector in Mauritius? According to the Manraj report, the main recommendations of the steering committee are as follows: A unified financial regulatory authority, covering both banking and non-banking activities, be established in a phased manner, as follows: Phase 1consist of the immediate establishment of a Financial Services Commission. Phase 2 consist of the eventual integration of the Financial Services Commission with the Bank of Mauritius. The Financial Services Commission will be responsible for the licensing, regulation and supervision of all non-bank financial services. It will also be responsible for the protection of the rights of consumers of financial services. The Financial Services Commission will take over the duties and functions of the Stock Exchange Commission, the Insurance Division and the Mauritius Offshore Business Activities Authority (MOBAA) as well as the regulation of all presently unregulated activities in the financial sector. The Financial Services Commission will be managed by a Board which will be chaired by the Managing Director of the Bank of Mauritius. There will also be the presence of a Vice Chairperson and such other members as may be appointed by the Minister. The Financial Services Commission will facilitate the smooth integration of the onshore and offshore activities. An appropriate legal framework is proposed for establishing the Financial Services Commission. A Financial Services Advisory Council will be established with the objective of giving overall direction and advice towards the development of the financial services sector. The Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson of the Advisory Council will be the Minister of Finance and the Minister responsible for Financial Services respectively. The other members will be the Governor of the Bank of Mauritius, the Chairperson and the Chief Executive of the Financial Services Commission, as well as practitioners from Mauritius and from overseas having an extensive exposure to financial sector development. The establishment of a Financial Services Promotion Agency (FSPA) is being proposed as a separate entity. It will act as a one-stop-shop for the development and promotion of the financial services industry. The FSPA will work in close collaboration with the Board of Investment to devise strategies to attract investors to the financial sector of Mauritius. The FSPA will also be responsible for human resource development and keep abreast of technological advances in that sector. References Business Mega; 9th April 2013 https://business.mega.mu/2013/04/09/preserve-integrity-financial-system-mauritius/

How to Use the Perl Array Push() Function

The Perl  push()  function is used to push a value or values onto the end of an array, which increases the number of elements. The new  values  then become the  last elements  in the array. It returns the new total number of elements in the array. Its easy to confuse this function with  the  unshift()  function, which adds elements to the  beginning  of an array. Heres an  example of the Perl push() function: myNames (Larry, Curly);push myNames, Moe;print myNames\n; When this code is executed, it delivers: Larry Curly Moe Picture a row of numbered boxes, going from left to right. The push() function pushes the new value or values onto the right side of the array  and increases the elements.   The array can also be thought of as a stack. Picture a stack of numbered boxes, starting with 0 at the top and increasing as it goes down. The push() function pushes the value onto the bottom of the stack  and increases the elements, like this: myNames (Larry,Curly);push myNames, Moe; You can also push multiple values onto the array directly ... myNames (Larry, Curly);push myNames, (Moe, Shemp); ... or by pushing on an array: myNames (Larry, Curly);moreNames (Moe, Shemp);push (myNames, moreNames); Note for beginning programmers:  Perl arrays begin with an symbol. Each complete line of code must end with a semicolon. If it doesnt, it wont execute. In the stacked example in this article, the lines without a semicolon are values contained in an array and enclosed in parentheses. This isnt an exception to the semicolon rule, as much as a result of the stack approach. The values in the array are not individual lines of code. It is easier to picture this in the horizontal approach to coding. Other Functions for Manipulating Arrays Other functions are also used to manipulate arrays. These make it easy and efficient to use a Perl array as a stack or as a queue. In addition to the push function, you can use: Pop function – removes and returns the last element of an arrayShift function – moves the whole array to the left. The element that is the first element of the array falls off the array and becomes the return value of the functionUnshift function – the opposite of the shift function, places a value at the beginning of an array and moves all the other element to the right.

Analysis Of Hills Like White Elephants - 1435 Words

Many who have read â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† can agree that it is a hard story to comprehend. The meaning is hidden and has to be deciphered. When I found out the meaning I was blown away. I had no clue the story was about abortion. There are many views on whether the girl wants to go through with it or if the â€Å"American man† is forcing her. There are many facts that point to the conclusion that the man is forcing the girl to commit abortion. The language, tone and the setting all point to this conclusion. The dialogue of how the man speaks to the girl shows that he has the control. Dialogue can reveal overwhelming information about a character’s personality, and in this short story it shows us that the man likes to have control. We can see this in the following passage: â€Å"We want two Anis del Toro†. [Man] â€Å"With water?† [Waitress] â€Å"Do you want it with water?† [Man] â€Å"I don’t know,† the girl said. â€Å"Is it good with water?† â€Å"It’s alright.† â€Å"You want them with water?† asked the woman. â€Å"Yes, with water.† (Hemingway). The American man does not give Jig a choice before answering the waitress on her behalf proposing a constant pattern of the guy deciding for her, we know this because she does not oppose to this. Instead, she displays herself as uncertain and obedient by stating, â€Å"I don’t know† and by allowing him to decide for her. The manipulating mann er shown by the male character by ordering drinks is a step into his persistent pushing for his girlfriend to acceptShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Hills Like White Elephants 1517 Words   |  7 PagesPaul 5 December 2015 Female Disempowerment in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† In the story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† Ernest Hemingway uses his in-depth ability of foreshadowing to provide the reader with little information on the stories background or future events to come. At first glance, the discussion that takes place in story seems like a minor argument between a couple at a train station in Spain. However, upon deeper analysis, this piece takes a stab at one of the touchiestRead MoreAnalysis Of Hills Like White Elephants 1911 Words   |  8 PagesC2C Eric J Holm 10 Dec 2015 Dr. Van Nort Final Essay: â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† Jig’s Abortion through the Historical and Textual Lens â€Å"I know you wouldn’t mind it, Jig. It’s really not anything. It’s just to let the air in† (Hemingway 213). In Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† an abortion is debated through subtleties, similes, and symbols. The abortion is never explicitly mentioned, but instead Hemingway leaves the reader to conclude what this â€Å"simple operation† really is (213)Read MoreHills Like White Elephants Analysis1803 Words   |  8 PagesSubject The text â€Å"Letting the air into a relationship: Metaphorical Abortion in ‘Hills Like White Elephants† by Wyche David aims at analyzing and synthesizing the short story by Hemingway â€Å"Hills like White†. The analysis would provide new knowledge to readers of the short story or provide the readers with a new point of view of analyzing it. The subject of the text is to present his ideas on the short story and well as critique other critics who had previously critiqued it. The story illustratesRead More Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Hills Like White Elephants â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†, by Ernest Hemingway, is a short story published in 1927 that takes place in a train station in Spain with a man and a woman discussing an operation. Most of the story is simply dialogue between the two characters, the American and Jig. This couple is at a critical point in their lives when they must decide whether or not to have an abortion. Certain themes arise from this story such as choices and consequences, doubtRead MoreStory Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants723 Words   |  3 PagesHills Like White Elephants Erich Auerbach wrote Mimesis in 1953 and used his theories about foreground and background to help in his analysis and understanding of the story of Odysseus. His analysis is appropriate for this one story but can also be applied to other stories wherein the truth of the tale is not expressed directly (Auerbach 3). Authors can instill additional meaning through the text by the tone that is set and the way dialogue is written. Background and foreground in this contextRead MoreCritical Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants923 Words   |  4 PagesMikhail Shimonov Professor Kaufman March 28, 2011 Critical Analysis of Hills like White Elephants At first glance, Hills like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway, may allude to many interpretations, however, the short story has a clear purpose. Set in the Ebro River valley in Spain, the story looms around the issue brought forth by Jig and the American, who is nameless throughout the whole story. The issue here being the ‘simple operation’ that Jig is about to undergo which happens to be anRead MoreAnalysis Of Hills Like White Elephants 993 Words   |  4 PagesEnerest Hemingway’s short story titled Hills Like White Elephants, is a story that may seem as simple and plain as if not much is going on. However, the story is actually very intricate; the author was able to say a lot without using many words. The story is about a conversation between a man and girl who are waiting for a train in Spain. The couple are both distressed about how they should make a decision of whether to keep their baby, or terminate the pregnancy. Hemingway is able to say indirectlyR ead MoreFormalistic Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants825 Words   |  4 PagesIn an analysis of the story â€Å"Hills like white elephants† by Ernest Hemmingway, one is forced to take a deep look at the hidden meanings embedded in the story. Considering the point of view, the significance of the location and its relevance to the story, the structure of the text, the symbolic meaning of the two landscapes and the title of the story, the entrails of the story are exposed. Hemmingway’s story is written in an objective or dramatic point of view. The story is told primarily throughRead MoreHills Like White Elephants : A Critical Analysis1708 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†: A Critical Analysis Introduction: One of the many themes in his stories for which Ernest Heming way is known, includes feminism. At Hemingway’s time feminism was known as a famous movement and it affected many important writers like Octavia Butler and Virginia Woolf. Hemingway was a literary icon of his time and he was influenced by the political, social and human rights movements of his time. He was also touched by the hopelessness of women and how their thinkingRead MoreHills Like White Elephants Analysis773 Words   |  4 Pagesthem. â€Å"Hills like White Elephants,† a novel by Ernest Hemingway demonstrates this everyday struggle perfectly. â€Å"Hills like White Elephants,† is a short story about a conversation between an American man and a woman as they wait at a train for a train to Madrid. The couple obligingly discuss whats implied to be an abortion that the man wants the girl to have however her decision on whether to go through with it could heavily impact the future of their relatio nship. In â€Å"Hills like White Elephants,† Ernest

Black Holes Essay Stephen Hawking Example For Students

Black Holes Essay Stephen Hawking BLACK HOLESInto the Depths of A Black HoleEveryday we look out upon the night sky, wondering and dreaming of what lies beyond our planet. The universe that we live in is so diverse and unique, and it interests us to learn about all the variance that lies beyond our grasp. Within this marvel of wonders our universe holds a mystery that is very difficult to understand because of the complications that arise when trying to examine and explore the principles of space. That mystery happens to be that of the ever clandestine, black hole.This essay will hopefully give you the knowledge and understanding of the concepts, properties, and processes involved with the space phenomenon of the black hole. It will describe how a black hole isgenerally formed, how it functions, and the effects it has on the universe. In order to understand what exactly a black hole is, we must first take a look at the basis for the cause of a black hole. All black holes are formed from the gravitational collapse of a star, usually having agreat, massive, core. A star is created when huge, gigantic, gas clouds bind together due to attractive forces and form a hot core, combined from all the energy of the two gas clouds. This energy produced is so greatwhen it first collides, that a nuclear reaction occurs and the gases within the star start to burn continuously. The Hydrogen gas is usually the first type of gas consumed in a star and then other gas elements such as Carbon, Oxygen, and Helium are consumed.This chain reaction fuels the star for millions or billions of years depending upon the amount of gases there are. The star manages to avoid collapsing at this point because of the equilibrium achieved by itself. The gravitational pull from the core ofthe star is equal to the gravitational pull of the gases forming a type of orbit, however when this equality is broken the star can go into severaldifferent stages.Usually if the star is small in mass, most of the gases will beconsumed while some of it escapes. This occurs because there is not atremendous gravitational pull upon those gases and therefore the starweakens and becomes smaller. It is then referred to as a White Dwarf. If the star was to have a larger mass however, then it may possiblySupernova, meaning that the nuclear fusion within the star simply goes out of control causing the star to explode. After exploding a fraction of the star is usually left (if it has not turned into pure gas) and that fraction of the star is known as a neutron star.A black hole is one of the last option that a star may take. If the core of the star is so massive (approximately 6-8 solar masses; one solar mass being equal to the suns mass) then it is most likely that when the stars gases are almost consumed those gases will collapse inward, forced into the core by the gravitational force laid upon them.After a black hole is created, the gravitational force continues to pull in space debris and other type of matters to help add to the m ass of the core, making the hole stronger and more powerful.Most black holes tend to be in a consistent spinning motion.This motion absorbs various matter and spins it within the ring (known asthe Event Horizon) that is formed around the black hole. The matter keeps within the Event Horizon until it has spun into the centre where it isconcentrated within the core adding to the mass. Such spinning black holes are known as Kerr Black Holes. Most black holes orbit around stars due to the fact that they oncewere a star, and this may cause some problems for the neighbouring stars. If a black hole gets powerful enough it may actually pull a star into it and disrupt the orbit of many other stars. The black hole could then grow even stronger (from the stars mass) as to possibly absorb another. When a black hole absorbs a star, the star is first pulled into the Ergosphere, which sweeps all the matter into the Event Horizon, named forits flat horizontal appearance and because this happens to be the placewhere mostly all the action within the black hole occurs. When the star is passed on into the Event Horizon the light that the star endures is bentwithin the current and therefore cannot be seen in space. At this exactpoint in time, high amounts of radiation are given off, that with theproper equipment can be detected and seen as an image of a black hole.Through this technique astronomers now believe that they have found a black hole known as Cygnus X1. This supposed black hole has a huge star orbiting around it, therefore we assume there must be a black hole that it is inorbit with. The first scientists to really take an in depth look at black holes and the collapsing of stars, were a professor, Robert Oppenheimer and hisstudent Hartland Snyder, in the early nineteen hundreds. They concluded on the basis of Einsteins theory of relativity that if the speed of light was the utmost speed over any massive object, then nothing could escape a black hole once in its clutches. **(1)The name black hole was named such, because of the fact that lightcould not escape from the gravitational pull from the core, thus making the black hole impossible for humans to see without using technologicaladvancements for measuring such things like radiation. The second part of the word was named hole due to the fact that the actual hole, is whereeverything is absorbed and where the centre core presides. This core isthe main part of the black hole where the mass is concentrated and appears purely black on all readings even through the use of radiationdetection devices. Just recently a major discovery was found with the help of a device known as The Hubble Telescope. This telescope has just recently found what many astronomers believe to be a black hole, after being focused on an star orbiting empty space. Several picture were sent back to Earth from the telescope showing many computer enhanced pictures ofvarious radiation fluctuations and other diverse types of readings tha t could be read from the area in which the black hole is suspected to be in.Several diagrams were made showing how astronomers believe that if somehow you were to survive through the centre of the black hole that there would be enough gravitational force to possible warp you to anotherend in the universe or possibly to another universe. The creative ideas that can be hypothesized from this discovery are endless. Although our universe is filled with much unexplained, glorious,phenomenons, it is our duty to continue exploring them and to continue learning, but in the process we must not take any of it for granted.As you have read, black holes are a major topic within our universe and they contain so much curiosity that they could possibly holdunlimited uses. Black holes are a sensation that astronomers are still very puzzled with. It seems that as we get closer to solving their existence and functions, we just end up with more and more questions.Although these questions just lead us i nto more and more unanswered problems we seek and find refuge into them, dreaming that maybe one day, one far off distant day, we will understand all the conceptions and we will be able to use the universe to our advantage and go where only our dreams could take us. Works CitedDepths of a Black Hole**(1): Parker, Barry. Colliding Galaxies. PG#96 .u732ef0e320786ead0faaf4abbaab3efa , .u732ef0e320786ead0faaf4abbaab3efa .postImageUrl , .u732ef0e320786ead0faaf4abbaab3efa .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u732ef0e320786ead0faaf4abbaab3efa , .u732ef0e320786ead0faaf4abbaab3efa:hover , .u732ef0e320786ead0faaf4abbaab3efa:visited , .u732ef0e320786ead0faaf4abbaab3efa:active { border:0!important; } .u732ef0e320786ead0faaf4abbaab3efa .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u732ef0e320786ead0faaf4abbaab3efa { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u732ef0e320786ead0faaf4abbaab3efa:active , .u732ef0e320786ead0faaf4abbaab3efa:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u732ef0e320786ead0faaf4abbaab3efa .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u732ef0e320786ead0faaf4abbaab3efa .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u732ef0e320786ead0faaf4abbaab3efa .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u732ef0e320786ead0faaf4abbaab3efa .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u732ef0e320786ead0faaf4abbaab3efa:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u732ef0e320786ead0faaf4abbaab3efa .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u732ef0e320786ead0faaf4abbaab3efa .u732ef0e320786ead0faaf4abbaab3efa-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u732ef0e320786ead0faaf4abbaab3efa:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The woods Essay